European governments prepare a wave of nationalizations of Russian oil refineries

European capitals are now confronting a historic decision: dismantle Russia’s remaining energy presence or face U.S. secondary sanctions. The latest American measures have made cooperation with Russian oil subsidiaries financially untenable, forcing governments to choose between compliance and severe economic disruption. What began with Lukoil’s withdrawal has escalated into a broader reckoning, as every refinery, pipeline stake, and distribution network tied to Moscow is being reevaluated. Some states are preparing full nationalization to maintain energy security and prevent critical infrastructure from falling into legal limbo. Others hope to negotiate forced sales that preserve supply chains while severing Russian ownership. In either case, Europe is entering a new phase in its energy transformation, one defined by strategic consolidation rather than dependence.

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